Primary 2 - Math
Chapter 2: Place Value, Addition and Subtraction up to 100
Subtraction Masters: Borrowing Tens and Finding the Difference ➖🎯
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Subtraction is the math superpower of taking away, finding what is left, and comparing differences! Just like addition, we always start by subtracting the 'Ones' column. But what happens if the top ones digit is smaller than the bottom ones digit (such as 52 - 27: 2 minus 7 is not enough)? No problem! The ones digit knocks on the neighbor's door in the 'Tens' column and borrows 1 Ten (which equals 10 Ones)! The 5 tens become 4 tens, and the 2 ones become 12 ones! Now subtracting is easy and fun!
➖ Step-by-Step Regrouping (63 - 28)
- 1️⃣ Check Ones: 3 is smaller than 8. We need to borrow!
- 2️⃣ Regroup 1 Ten: The 6 tens become 5 tens.
- 3️⃣ Give 10 to Ones: The 3 ones become 13 ones (3 + 10).
- 4️⃣ Subtract: 13 - 8 = 5 in Ones | 5 - 2 = 3 in Tens.
- 🎉 Final Difference: 35.
🔍 Clue Words for Subtraction in Word Problems
- 🔻 Left / Remaining: How many pencils are left in the box?
- 🔻 Difference: What is the difference between their heights?
- 🔻 How many more / fewer: How many more apples did Omar pick?
🧩 Subtraction Workshop Table
| Problem | Need to Regroup? | Subtract Ones | Subtract Tens | Final Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 78 - 34 | No (8 > 4) | 8 - 4 = 4 | 7 - 3 = 4 | 44 |
| 52 - 27 | Yes (2 borrows 10 ➔ 12) | 12 - 7 = 5 | 4 - 2 = 2 | 25 |
| 90 - 45 | Yes (0 borrows 10 ➔ 10) | 10 - 5 = 5 | 8 - 4 = 4 | 45 |
| 83 - 39 | Yes (3 borrows 10 ➔ 13) | 13 - 9 = 4 | 7 - 3 = 4 | 44 |
Tap any card to reveal its meaning, or tap the audio icon to listen:
subtraction
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عملية الطرح
📖 Def: the process of taking one number or amount away from another
difference
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الفرق أو ناتج الطرح
📖 Def: the result of subtracting one number from another
minuend
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المطروح منه الأكبر
📖 Def: the number from which another number is subtracted
subtrahend
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المطروح المأخوذ
📖 Def: the number that is to be subtracted from the minuend
borrowing
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الاستلاف من خانة العشرات
📖 Def: taking a ten and converting it to ten ones to enable subtraction
left over
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المتبقي
📖 Def: remaining after other parts have been used or subtracted
how many more
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بكم يزيد في المسائل الكلامية
📖 Def: a phrase comparing two quantities by subtraction
check by addition
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التحقق من صحة الطرح بالجمع
📖 Def: verifying subtraction by adding difference + subtrahend
minus (-)
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علامة الطرح ناقص
📖 Def: the mathematical symbol indicating subtraction
decrease
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ينقص ويقل
📖 Def: to become smaller or fewer in size or amount
ones column
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عمود الآحاد
📖 Def: the rightmost vertical column in written calculations
tens column
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عمود العشرات
📖 Def: the column to the left of the ones column
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